Explore the RHS Facebook Archives, a rich repository of local history written by Carol Flynn. For two decades, Carol brought a deeply dedicated voice to public education at RHS. Her role as Facebook administrator through mid-2025 naturally extended her prolific research into meticulously detailed articles, most notably her multi-part historical series posts. Today, Carol continues her local history writing for The Beverly Review and other outlets.
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Ridge Historical Society
Catholic Churches in the Ridge Communities: Sacred Heart Mission Church and Holy Name of Mary Parish
By Carol Flynn
Sacred Heart Mission Church at 116th and S. Church St., and Holy Name of Mary Parish at 112th and Loomis St., both in Morgan Park, are two more of the historic Catholic churches in the Ridge communities recently affected by the Archdiocese of Chicago’s “Renew My Church” initiative. The fates of these two churches are interconnected.
Sacred Heart Mission Church was founded in 1892 in Alsip as a “national” church, that is, to serve a nationality of immigrants without defined geographic “parish” boundaries. In this case, the church was founded for the French settlers in the area. Many of them worked at the Purington Brick Yards at 119th and Vincennes, and Sacred Heart moved to its present location in 1904-5.
A frame church was built, and the story goes that the brickyard employees were allowed to take “seconds” of bricks to use for the church. By 1922, when enough bricks had been saved, the present brick facade was added. The church as it stands now is actually the old frame church clad with this donated brick. With time, most of the French families moved on and were replaced by German and Irish workers.
Holy Name of Mary Parish was founded in 1940 to serve the African American residents in Morgan Park. Black Catholics, some of whom were the descendants of slaves from the State of Louisiana, traditionally Catholic, petitioned the Archdiocese to form a parish, and worked to raise the money to build the church.
Holy Name of Mary was not the first Black parish in the Archdiocese – St Monica’s Church was founded as a “national” church at 36th and Dearborn St. in 1893 to serve the growing Black community on the south side – but it was the first formed by Black Catholics themselves.
Sacred Heart Mission Church was closed by the Archdiocese from 1979-1982, but the congregants never gave up on their campaign to “Save Our Shrine,” and the church was reopened in 1983. At that time, it was made a “mission” church, operating out of Holy Name of Mary Parish. A “mission” church serves a special, non-geographic ministry, and maintains a separate identity from the parish that sponsors it.
Now, the Archdiocese is combining Holy Name of Mary Parish with two others from the area (SS. Peter and Paul and St. John De La Salle) into a new parish with a new name effective this summer. Holy Name of Mary Church will remain open and be the sole location for regular Masses.
The Archdiocese also reviewed Sacred Heart Mission Church and took no action on that church at this time, but announced its “future structure will have continued discernment.”
The four most historic Catholic churches connected to the Ridge communities have been affected by the “Renew My Church” initiative – St. Benedict in Blue Island, St. Margaret of Scotland in Washington Heights, and Holy Name of Mary and Sacred Heart in Morgan Park.
Ridge Historical Society
Catholic Churches in the Ridge Communities
By Carol Flynn
The Ridge Historical Society has been concentrating on saving the Pike House lately, but there are other changes also in the works for historic properties in the Ridge communities. The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago recently announced more changes to neighborhood churches as a result of its ongoing initiative, Renew My Church.
The latest changes involve three historic churches in the Ridge communities, St. Margaret of Scotland, Holy Name of Mary, and Sacred Heart Mission. These changes follow those announced previously for St. Benedict Church in Blue Island.
St. Benedict was the first Catholic parish established on the Ridge, in 1861. The congregation built its first church at York and Gregory Streets in 1864, and built its first school in 1880. The “modern” church there now dates to the 1960s.
St. Benedict merged with St. Walter Parish of Morgan Park, which was established in the 1950s, and St. Peter Claver Mission church of Robbins, started in 1958. As of last fall, the name of this new parish is St. Mary Magdalene Parish.
Last week, it was announced that St. Margaret of Scotland Parish will merge with St. Kilian Parish, with St. Margaret of Scotland Church remaining open as the home base.
St. Margaret of Scotland Church was the first Catholic church founded in the Beverly/Washington Heights/Morgan Park/Mount Greenwood area. The congregation was originally formed as Sacred Heart Mission out of St. Benedict Church in Blue Island, not to be confused with the current Sacred Heart Mission which will be discussed in another post. The early Sacred Heart Mission was also affiliated with the Academy of Our Lady school, which was founded around this same time at 95th and Throop Streets.
The Village of Washington Heights was established in 1874, and the Catholic parish was founded, still called Sacred Heart. It covered a huge territory, from State Street west to today’s LaGrange Road, and from 87th Street to 119th Street. The earliest members of the congregation were German Catholics from Prussia and Bavaria, with a smattering of people from “Hibernia,” an old name for Ireland.
In the early 1890s, the parish name was changed to St. Margaret of Scotland, and when a family donated land at 99th and Throop Streets, the church building from further east was hoisted onto rollers and moved across the prairie to the present location. The current church was dedicated in 1928.
Other parishes were eventually founded on the Ridge – St. Barnabas in 1924, St. Christina in 1926, St. Cajetan in 1927, Christ the King in 1936, Holy Name of Mary in 1940, and St. Walter in the 1950s.
Now, St. Margaret of Scotland Parish will merge with St. Kilian Parish, which is located at 87th and May Streets, effective in July 2022. A new name will be chosen for this new parish. The plan is that St. Margaret of Scotland School will remain open and retain its current name.
Next post: The special circumstances of the current Sacred Heart Mission Church and Holy Name of Mary Parish in Morgan Park.
Saving the Eugene S. Pike House – Post 1
UPDATE: Landmarks Illinois is reviewing the application.
As the Ridge Historical Society announced on this Facebook page a few weeks ago, RHS, in partnership with the Beverly Area Planning Association (BAPA), applied to Landmarks Illinois on January 10th to have the Eugene S. Pike House added to the List of Most Endangered Historic Places in Illinois 2022.
The Pike House is located at 1826 West 91st Street in North Beverly (Chicago, 60643). The house, designed by architect Harry Hale Waterman, was built in 1894 for Pike, a real estate developer and financier.
Since 1921, the house has been the property of the Forest Preserves of Cook County (FPCC). It was used as a superintendent’s office and later as a watchman’s residence.
The house has fallen into severe disrepair and has been vacant for years. In 2018, the FPCC issued a Request for Information (RFI) from organizations potentially interested in adapting the Pike House for reuse. No further information on the Pike House has been announced by the FPCC since that time and the house’s future is uncertain.
The position of RHS is that the Eugene S. Pike House is of historical and architectural importance to the Beverly/Morgan Park community and the City of Chicago and should be preserved and adapted for reuse. The awarding of the designation “Most Endangered Historic Property” by Landmarks Illinois will bring attention to the building’s situation and lead to discussions on its preservation.
Landmarks Illinois is a nonprofit organization founded in 1971 to preserve, protect and promote architectural and historic resources in Illinois through advocacy and education. Since 1995, the Most Endangered List has focused attention on sites threatened by deterioration, lack of maintenance, insufficient funds or inappropriate development and built support for each property’s eventual preservation. The 2022 Endangered List will be announced in April.
Image: The Eugene S. Pike House, Jan. 2022, photo by C. Flynn.
History of the Chicago Wards – Post 7Isaiah T. Greenacre
Washington Heights, which included the land from Western Avenue east between 95th Street and 107th Street (today’s Beverly), and the unincorporated land north of 95th Street to 87th Street (today’s North Beverly), were annexed to the city of Chicago in 1890, and became part of the 31st ward in 1891.
Isaiah Thomas Greenacre was the first man who lived in Washington Heights to be elected to serve as alderman for the 31st ward. He served for one term, from 1895 to 1897.
It’s appropriate to take a detour from exploring the history of the wards on the Ridge to take a look at Greenacre. He grew up in the community and became thoroughly immersed in its workings. There were likely few people who knew more about the community than he did.
Being an alderman was just one brief accomplishment for Greenacre. This man, a product of this community, had a lasting impact on the entire country.
Isaiah Thomas Greenacre was born in 1863 in Illinois. His father was Isaiah Greenacre and his mother was Lucinda Young Greenacre. The son always went by Isaiah T. or I. T. Greenacre.
The original Isaiah Greenacre, the father, was born in England in 1828 and came to the U.S. in 1852. He and Lucinda Young from Kilkenny, Ireland, born in 1831, married in New York in 1853, and moved to Chicago. On the 1860 U.S. Census, they were listed as living in Chicago ward six, which was centered around Van Buren and Jefferson Streets. Greenacre’s occupation was given as carpenter.
The birth of one child, Isaiah Thomas, was recorded, in Will County in 1863.
On the 1870 U.S. Census, the family is reported as living in Chicago ward 15, which was north of Chicago Avenue and west of the Chicago River. Greenacre also shows up on the census that year in Escanaba, Michigan, living with other carpenters and engineers with the Bushnell family, owners of a “brandy house.” He was perhaps there on a job.
By 1874, the family had moved to the southside closer to the Ridge. That year, the residents voted to incorporate as the Village of Washington Heights, and Greenacre was elected as a member of the Board of Trustees. The area was experiencing substantial growth as people left the city for the suburbs after the Great Chicago Fire in 1871, and the railroads made the area more accessible.
Greenacre usually served as president pro tem of the Board when the president, the Rev. D.S. Heffron of the Bethany Union Church, could not be in attendance. The trustees dealt with all aspects of the new, growing village, including installing sewers and sidewalks; grading and graveling streets; approving new developments; building schools; establishing a police force; determining assessments for improvements; and appropriating funds for salaries and other expenses. One line item was for $150 for the “village calaboose,” the jail.
Issues with the railroads that ran through the area were dealt with, such as removing old tracks so streets could be extended, and cleaning out and covering a well on railroad property and turning it over to the village for use by the residents.
Everyday life was the business of the Board of Trustees. Liquor licenses were granted in the beginning years of the village and there were saloons to regulate. Other issues included everything from the benign such as strawberry festivals at local churches, and residents securing their cows so they did not wander the village streets, to the more sinister such as an increase in home burglaries. Dealing with the throngs of people who came to the community by train on Sundays to picnic and party in the scenic wooded groves of the Ridge was a constant challenge. There were disturbing occurrences, including the accidental shooting and killing of a woman during one July 4th revelry in the local woods.
This was the world in which Isaiah T. Greenacre grew up. By 1884 at the age of 21, he was already involved in politics and practicing law.
The Greenacre parents moved to California in 1892. Isaiah died in 1897, and Lucinda in 1901. Their remains were returned to Chicago for burial in Mount Hope Cemetery on 115th Street.
Next post: The life and career of Isaiah T. Greenacre.
The Ridge Connection to the Rose Bowl
On January 1, 1890, the Valley Hunt Club, a private social club in Pasadena, California, held a parade. The purpose was to showcase the wonderful climate and living opportunities in Pasadena while cities in the north – like Chicago and New York – were buried in snow. Many of the residents of Pasadena had relocated from the Midwest and East coast.
The parade featured horse-drawn carriages covered in flowers, followed by foot races, polo matches, and a tug of war in the “town lot.” About 2000 people attended. Because of the abundance of flowers, it was decided to call the parade the “Tournament of Roses.”
The parade became an annual event and grew in size. Marching bands and ostrich races, automobile floats and bronco busting all became part of the festivities. The town lot was renamed “Tournament Park.”
In 1902, to offset the costs of the parade, a special football game was held following the parade. By then, the parade was attracting national attention. The University of Michigan football team was having a stellar year with a record of 11 – 0, scoring a total of 501 – 0 points, and was invited for an all-expenses-paid trip to Pasadena to play against Stanford University of Stanford, California.
The game was billed as the Tournament East-West Football Game. Admission was $.50 to $1.00. About 8,500 people attended the game. Stanford was no match for Michigan and even asked to end the game early. Michigan won 49-0. This was the first Rose Bowl game, the first post-season “bowl” game ever.
And the connection to the Ridge: On that Michigan team was Herbert Graver, the man who would build the Graver-Driscoll House at 10621 S. Seeley Avenue that is now owned by and serves as headquarters for the Ridge Historical Society.
Herbert Spencer Graver, Sr., was born in 1880 in Pennsylvania, the sixth of seven children of William and Christina Penman Graver. William Graver started the Graver Tank Works in 1858 to craft metal tanks to store oil. The business relocated to East Chicago in the 1880s.
After graduation, Herbert worked for one year as a college coach but then joined the family business. All five Graver sons were employed with the Graver Tank and Manufacturing Company and held officer positions. Herbert served as corporate secretary.
Herbert married Anna T. Thorne in 1910 and they had one son, Herbert S., Jr.
In the early 1900s, the five Graver sons all moved to the Beverly/Morgan Park area. Herbert built his house on the Ridge with entrances on Longwood Drive and Seeley Avenue in 1921-22. The Tudor Revival-style manor house was designed by the noted architect, John Todd Hetherington.
Herbert was a sports celebrity and occasionally made public appearances as one of the original Rose Bowl players. He enjoyed sports his entire life, and in fact, in 1954, he suffered a fatal heart attack while watching wrestling matches at the International Amphitheater. At the time of his death, he was still the sales manager for the family company. He was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery.
The Ridge Historical Society was founded in 1971. The plans for the 100th anniversary of the Graver-Driscoll House and the 50th anniversary of RHS were put on hold last year because of the COVID pandemic. The plan is to celebrate this year so stay tuned for further announcements and more historical information on the Gravers, the house, Hetherington, and RHS.
New Year’s Eve, 1921
What was happening on the Ridge one hundred years ago? To answer that question, RHS turned to its old friend, the news correspondent from the Ridge for the Englewood Times back then, Pauline Palmer.
And according to Mrs. Palmer, Mrs. George Gale of 2325 W. 108th Place held a “watch night party on New Year’s Eve.”
A little research revealed that Mrs. Gale was the former Alma Demers, born in Canada in 1878. George Gale was born in Illinois in 1872 and was an inspector at the stockyards.
A little more research revealed that “watching the old year out” was the general theme of New Year events back then, as opposed to welcoming in the New Year as is done today.
The custom was to open the front door at the stroke of midnight so the old year could exit and join all the years of the past, and the “baby new year” could enter and begin its life. The guests would form a circle and sing “Auld Lang Syne.”
Although we don’t know the exact details of the Gales’ New Year’s Eve party in 1921, some clues as to what they might have done can be found in “Novel Entertainment for Every Day in the Year” written by Ellye Howell Glover, published in 1921.
A suggested menu was a “Jack Frost” dinner, composed of raw oysters on ice, cream of corn soup with whipped cream on top, turkey cutlets, mashed potatoes, cauliflower in ramekins, fruit salad in white chrysanthemums, vanilla pudding and cakes rolled in coconut. Obviously, the theme was white food!
A recommended table decoration also included party favors. The top of an evergreen tree (suggested was the top of that year’s Christmas tree) could be turned into a “New Year’s wish tree.” For each guest, a tiny envelope attached to a gilded wishbone could contain a personal good wish from the hostess to the guest, or a suitable quotation. A variation could be little boxes filled with good luck talismans.
After supper, the evening was filled with games and dancing.
There was also “Dennison’s Christmas Book” of 1921 that included ideas for New Year celebrations.
Dennison books were a great source for party planning for several holidays – the company had “Bogie” books for Halloween, also. Every year, the books contained new ideas for party themes (such as “Sailing into the New Year”), decorations, games, and party favors. Of course, the books also served as catalogs for Dennison’s line of products, which included a variety of crepe paper decorations.
Prohibition had started the year before with the passage of the Eighteenth Amendment to the U. S. Constitution which banned the manufacture, transportation, and sale of alcoholic beverages. The consumption of alcohol was never illegal under federal law; the issue would have been procuring it legally.
Happy New Year from the Ridge Historical Society.
Ridge Historical Society
The First Chicago Christmas Tree – Part 4
By Carol Flynn
Chicago displayed its first municipal Christmas tree in 1913. This was the first time a giant tree lit with electric bulbs was displayed in a public space for everyone in the Chicagoland area to enjoy. A lavish lighting ceremony was held on Christmas Eve.
New York City displayed the first municipal tree in 1912, and Chicago, Boston, and other cities followed the next year. In Chicago, the Municipal Christmas Festival Association was formed to plan and manage the activities. The honorary president was Mayor Carter H. Harrison. There were over fifty honorary vice-presidents representing business and industry, civic associations, churches, newspapers, welfare and social agencies, and education. Amalie Hofer Jerome, from the Hofer family on the Ridge, represented the Civic Music Association. Artists including the famous sculptor Lorado Taft donated their design talent to create the display.
The tree was set up off of Michigan Avenue, just north of the Art Institute on land considered part of Grant Park then.
The tree was created from a 35-foot Douglas spruce mounted on a 40- foot base, covered by smaller trees, topped with a star of Bethlehem. The trees were donated by Frederick A. Jordan, of Roselawn, Michigan. He was the partner of the late Captain Herman Schuenemann, whose “Christmas Tree Ship” had gone down in Lake Michigan the year before while bringing trees to Chicago.
The tree was set in a 25-foot-tall arcade composed of arches and smaller Christmas trees, all lit with colored lights. Commonwealth Edison supplied the lights for the tree and arcade. Steam train engines from the Illinois Central Railroad were behind the arcades, blowing steam to create a special effect of fog. The tree was doused with water and frozen first, then slowly lit for a dramatic, icy effect.
A hospital station with volunteer doctors and nurses was set up to deal with injuries and lost children.
The lighting event on December 24th was almost curtailed by a blizzard earlier in the day. The streets were impassable and local transportation was impeded. Thousands of men poured out from lodging houses to help clear the snow – there was not enough work for all of those who showed up to help. The snow was soon cleared, and the event was able to go on as planned.
Thousands of free train tickets were made available for children so that families could come to the event, and over 100,000 people showed up.
The lighting ceremony started with a parade down Michigan Avenue, which included the police force and mounted Illinois National Guard cavalry. Speeches, and musical performances from a variety of sources, including the Chicago Grand Opera Company, followed, broadcast through huge megaphones. Motion pictures for children, mostly public safety features, were shown on a huge screen near the Art Institute.
Mayor Harrison pushed the button to illuminate the tree around 6:15 p.m., and the crowd gave out “lusty cheers.” The mayor’s speech was included in the record for the City Council. He stated that he hoped this would inaugurate a long series of celebrations for the city, and that the lights may serve as an inspiration to charity, the greatest of all virtues.
The festivities went on for several hours. There were a few minor glitches – the train engines, promised to be silent, were not, and drowned out some of the performances. The star of the opera who was promoted for the event was a no-show. Children were confused about the identity of Mayor Harrison – he was not fat enough to be Santa Claus.
The program was completed with the singing of the Star-Spangled Banner.
The police had assigned 250 men to detail the event. The officer in charge declared the crowd to be the “biggest, happiest, most cheerful, best and easiest handled” crowd he had seen.
The tree was illuminated nightly until the New Year.
The great success of this first tree led to the tradition that has now been going on for 108 years.
Image: The first Chicago Christmas Tree, 1913.
Next post: Some background information on early electrical technology in the City of Chicago.
The First Chicago Christmas Tree and the Ridge –
Part 3 – Amalie Hofer Jerome and the Civic Music Association
Amalie Hofer Jerome came from a distinguished family of educators, writers, musicians, and publishers that lived and ran a school on the Ridge. She was an honorary vice-president for the lighting of the first Chicago Christmas tree.
Amalie was born in 1863, the sixth of the eight Hofer children, the third of the five girls who all went into education and social reform. She was raised in McGregor, Iowa, and attended McGregor High School. Amalie had training as a kindergarten teacher with Elizabeth Harrison, a pioneer in early childhood education who established programs in Iowa and Chicago.
Amalie and her sisters became leaders in the kindergarten movement, which was covered in the previous post. She was the editor and publisher of the Kindergarten Magazine, the leading publication of the movement, and other related publications.
Moving to Chicago, she was involved in the kindergarten-training schools her sisters established, including serving as principal.
Her work with the kindergartens led her to become involved with many more causes.
This was the era of “settlement houses,” made most famous by Jane Addams’ Hull House in Chicago. These were institutions of the “Progressive reform era” in which social workers, clergy, educators, and other concerned people came together, often living together in the institution, to offer services to the poor, new immigrants, and others in need. They usually started with outreach to mothers and children, and established day care services, kindergartens, and playgrounds; English lessons; household training; and arts and crafts.
Amalie married Frank Jerome, a furniture merchant, in 1909. For several years, she was head resident of Fellowship House Social Settlement at 831 West 33rd Street, established in 1895. She resigned in 1916, but still stayed on the board, managing the settlement house activities.
Amalie was a founder of the International Kindergarten Union and the Playground Association of America. She traveled the world studying kindergartens and childhood education, and wrote articles and gave talks on the topics around the country.
In 1913, Amalie was a founder of the Civic Music Association in Chicago. For several years, free concerts had been given in the field houses of the city’s parks by notable musicians, and the time had come to organize the activities. As a leader of the Playground Association and also of the Chicago Woman’s Club, Amalie had been instrumental in arranging the concerts. She now took on the role of chairman of the executive committee of the new organization. Numerous groups, such as the Northwestern University choir and the Illinois Theater orchestra, provided free concerts in the parks.
Although she was recognized throughout Chicago for her many accomplishments, it was in her role as a leader of the Civic Music Association that Amalie was named one of the fifty-plus honorary vice-presidents for the lighting ceremony for Chicago’s first municipal Christmas tree.
Next post: Chicago’s First Christmas Tree
The First Chicago Christmas Tree and the Ridge –
Part 2 – The Kindergarten Movement and the Hofer Sisters
Amalie Hofer Jerome, from the Hofer family who lived on the Ridge, was an honorary vice president for the lighting ceremony for the first Chicago municipal Christmas tree displayed in 1913.
The Hofer family had three sons and five daughters.
The sons were mentioned in the previous post. The family had owned a newspaper in Iowa, and the sons all moved to Oregon and stayed in the newspaper and publishing business.
The five daughters in the family all went into education, writing and publishing, and social reform work. They were leaders in establishing kindergartens and training programs for kindergarten teachers. They were covered in a 2013 RHS newsletter, and those pages are presented here in jpeg form. A PDF version is also available that can be sent by Messenger upon request.
Next post: Amalie Hofer Jerome and the Civic Music Association
The First Chicago Christmas Tree and the Ridge – Part I – Revised
Chicago’s first municipal Christmas tree was displayed in 1913. For the first time, on Christmas Eve, viewers witnessed a giant tree ablaze with strands of electric light bulbs set up on Michigan Avenue. Ridge resident Amalie Hofer Jerome was named an honorary vice president for the lighting event.
RHS profiled the Hofer family in the Winter 2013 RHS newsletter, which focused on the beginnings of the kindergarten movement in the U.S. The Hofer sisters led the way in Chicago in the establishment of kindergartens and training programs for kindergarten teachers. And that was only one of their accomplishments.
These 2021 posts will cover more on the Hofers, and then feature the 1913 Christmas event.
The Hofer family came of age during the Progressive Era of the late 1800s – early 1900s, a time of widespread reform in just about every area of American life, from education to business to government. This will be explored when Amalie Hofer’s career is reviewed in an upcoming post.
Amalie’s father was Andreas Franz Xaver Hofer, born in 1821 in Baden, a historical territory in south Germany and north Switzerland. He took part in the unsuccessful Baden Revolution of 1848 – 49, an attempt to overthrow the ruling princes. Forced to flee the country, he came to New York City in 1849.
His future wife, Mari Ruef, was born in 1836 in Baden, and came to New York in 1852. There she met Hofer and they married in 1853. Hofer died in 1904 and was buried in Mount Hope Cemetery on the Ridge. Mari moved to California where she died in 1918. Hofer’s remains were then brought from Chicago to California to be buried with her.
The Hofers moved to Iowa from New York. Hofer fought with the Iowa Infantry of the Union Army in the Civil War. They became naturalized citizens of the U.S.
The Hofers were farmers and dry goods merchants in McGregor, Iowa. Hofer became known as a local expert on cultivating grapes and was active in the Iowa State Horticulture Society. They purchased a local newspaper, the McGregor News, which they ran for many years. The family was well known in the community.
Hofer‘s philosophy for the newspaper was “closely identified with the interests of the people and with successful government,” according to an article written in 1904 by his sons. He was involved in local politics and a leader of the temperance movement. Many of the beer breweries in the U.S were owned by German immigrants, and the newspapers made note of the divide in the German community over the alcohol issue. Hofer wrote temperance tracts in the German language which were published by the German National Temperance Association.
He used the newspaper to advance his platforms and this did not always go over well with the subjects of his commentaries. In one court case that was followed closely by the public, the newspaper and its publishers, A. F. Hofer and Sons, were sued for $5,000 by a saloon keeper claiming the paper had damaged his character. The paper had accused the saloon keeper of keeping a gambling house. The saloon keeper was backed by the local liquor league. The case went to court, and the Hofers won the case – the charges against the saloon keeper were “fully sustained.”
The Hofers had eight children, five daughters and three sons. They were mostly self-educated, and as youths were all involved with the newspaper, leading to careers that included writing, editing, and publishing.
The family sold the McGregor News in 1890. By then, the sons, Ernest (1855-1934), Frank Xaver (1856-1905), and Andreas F., Jr., (1861-1913), who made the newspaper and publishing industries their lifetime careers, had moved to Salem, Oregon. “E.” and “A. F.” took over the Capital Journal, an evening paper. Ernest later ran the Industrial News Review, which advocated for “policies essential to the well-being of our country.” Frank owned half of one newspaper and was the founder of another.
In the 1890s, Mr. and Mrs. Hofer moved to Chicago from Iowa. They settled on the Ridge at 1833 W. 96th Street. In Chicago, they were surrounded by their daughters, who were educators and social activists.
Next post: The Kindergarten Movement and the Hofer sisters
Photograph: Andreas Franz and Mari Hofer and their eight children. User-submitted on Ancestry.com.